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4 Types of Pay Cuts, and What You Can Do About Them
四种减薪方式，你该如何应对?
Recession or slowdown. Whatever you want to call it, the economy is not quite as vibrant as it was in the past few years, and the effects of this are far-reaching, impacting almost every job sector. Layoffs abound as do hiring freezes, and pay cuts are starting to make headlines.
经济不景气或是经济衰退，不管你如何称呼这场经济危机，目前的经济都确实没有过去几年兴旺，而且这场经济危机影响广泛，几乎波及了所有的工作阶层。裁员、招聘暂停比比皆是，不仅如此，减薪也开始盛行起来了。
Automotive executives are being asked to downsize their salaries as are financial workers. The 238,000 employees of California's executive branch have to take twice-monthly mandatoryfurloughs. Even celebs, such as actor Harrison Ford and New York Yankee Andy Pettitte, have accepted lower salaries for their talent as of late. You may soon be asked by your employer to follow suit.
高层管理人员的薪资被降到了和财务人员同等水平。加州有23.8万管理人员被迫每月休假两次。即使是像演员Harrison For和美国的Andy Pettitte这样的名流人士，最近都必须接受较低的演出薪酬。你的上司可能也会马上如法炮制地为你减薪。
Read on to learn more about how pay cuts may vary, and how they could affect you.
阅读本篇文章学习减薪有哪些途径，以及将会对你产生什么样的影响。
1. Pay cuts. Pay cuts have been in the headlines, but not as much as other cost-cutting tactics. Says John A. Challenger, CEO of Challenger, Gray & Christmas, the nation's premier outplacement consulting firm, "Real pay cuts for people are something companies are very cautious about doing. We're seeing some and it is a sign of the times."
减少薪水。减少薪水是首选，但也并非像其他削弱成本的方法一样被广泛应用。全国首屈一指的职业介绍顾问公司 Gray & Christmas的CEO John A. Challenger 说：“实际上，公司在削减员工薪资时都会非常谨慎。我们有见到过一些公司这样做，并且这种做法已经成为时代的一个标志。”
If your boss does come to you, there may not be much you can do about it. Workplace expert Liz Ryan reveals, "The idea of negotiating a pay cut is tough now." Salary negotiations expert Jack Chapman agrees, adding, "It usually isn't presented as, 'This is what we're doing, and we need your approval.'"
如果你的上司真的要减少你的`薪水，那么你也无能为力。职场专家Liz Ryan指出：“如今想要进行减薪谈判是很困难的。”薪资谈判专家Jack Chapman也同意这个观点，并补充说：“你的上司要给你减薪并非会这样说‘我们要给你减薪，需要征得你的同意。’”
2. Benefits. Your employer, like many companies, may cease contributing to your 401(k) or other retirement plan. Challenger reveals, "We'll see pressure on some of the soft benefits, maybe less tuitionreimbursement." Don't be shocked if your monthly contributions for medical benefits rise as well. Expect, also, to be asked to do more with less.
福利。和其他公司一样，你的雇主可能终止了你的401(k)计划或其他的退休计划的缴费。Challenger说：“我们将会看到一些软福利的终止，比如不再退还学费等。”如果你每个月需要缴纳的医疗保险费用提高了，也不要奇怪。另外，也要做好必须要少花钱多办事的觉悟。
Ryan, a former human resources executive, states, "Depending on the type of business, travel can be the second biggest expense for many companies. Your boss may ask you to rely more heavily on video conferencing." And, naturally, you can bid adieu to Friday bagels and coffee on the company's dime.
Ryan以前是一位人力资源总经理，他说：“根据公司业务类型的不同，对很多公司来说，出差都是第二笔最大的消费。你的老板可能会要求你更多地使用视频会议，减少出差。”并且，当然了，你也要告别用公费在星期五购买面包和咖啡的日子了。
3. Bonuses and raises. "We're seeing a lot of actions from companies to cut variable pay -- bonuses will be hit hard if the economy remains in this state through the end of the year," notes Challenger.
奖金和加薪。Challenger提出：“我们看到公司采取了很多措施来减少可变薪酬，如果到年底经济还是没有改善的话，很多员工的奖金将会泡汤。”
Chapman, aka "The Salary Coach," concurs, "Most of the executive positions I've helped clients negotiate in the last 10 years had a base salary and a bonus tied to performance. People get used to counting on that money, but a bonus is discretionaryand the first place a company would look to cut." He adds, "I think it's not a big leap to assume you're not going to get a bonusthis year."
薪酬教练Chapman, aka同时也指出：“在过去十年我曾帮助协商薪资的客户中，有不少管理人员都是有基本工资以及和业绩挂钩的奖金。人们都习惯了那笔奖金收入，但是奖金是可以由公司任意决定的，并且也会成为公司缩减成本的第一对象。我认为即使认定你在今年拿不到年终分红也不是什么大意外。”
If you don't receive your bonus, you may want to start to look for a new employer. Ryan points out, "When companies don't pay bonuses they had committed to, it means all bets are off. They've lost all credibility." Challenger warns that other salary increases are at risk as well, predicting, "Merit raises and cost of living raises are going to be held to a minimum."
如果你在年底没有收到分红，可能就会想重新找工作了。Ryan指出：“如果公司没有支付承诺过的奖金，可能就意味所有的希望都没了。他们失去所有的信任。” Challenger警告说其他的薪资增长也会有危险。利益改善和生活质量的提高都将会被限制到最低值。
4. Reduced hours and mandatory furloughs. Many government employees are being asked or forced to work fewer hours or take unpaid vacations. You may not have a choice about doing this, but Chapman counsels, "Time [off] is the one benefit you have. This might be a blessing in disguise. It can give you some needed R&R or an opportunity to pursue other work on the side."
减少了上班工时以及强制休假。很多政府雇佣被要求或强制要求每天少工作几个小时、不带薪休假等。你可能无选择权利要被迫执行这些命令，但是Chapman认为：“时间(休假)也是你的福利之一。这也可能会让你因祸得福。这样会给你带来一些休养生息的时间，也让你有机会偷偷地去找其他工作。”
Check with your employer to be sure you're able to take on additional projects outside of work. He says, "If there's any concern as to whether there's a conflictof interest to do work outside, it might be good to get it in writing that it's OK to pursue that."
询问你的上司你是否可以接手份内工作之外的项目。他说：“如果担心做其他工作会有什么利益冲突，那么在行动之前最好将上司的允许以书面的形式记录下来。
What You Can Do:
你可以做到的：
1) Be proactive. Look for ways to help your employer cut back without cutting jobs or pay.
积极主动。在不丢工作和降薪的前提下，积极主动地帮助你上司想办法节约成本。
2) Speak with an accountant to see how you can maximize the benefits and paycheck you have, perhaps by increasing your contributions to "cafeteria" plans or raising deductibles.
向会计请教将福利和薪水最大化的方法，也许是增加你对“自助餐计划”的贡献，也许是增加免费名额。
3) Try to adjust your reduced hours so they suit you better.
想办法调整你被减少的工时，使其最适合你的发展。
4) Consider working for a smaller company. You may experience more transparencyand have ample warning if things are going south.
考虑跳到一家小公司工作。在事情变坏之前，你将会见识到更多的预兆、收到足够的警告。
5) Use mandatory time off to look for another job.
利用强制休息的时间去找新工作。
6) Don't live off your bonus.
不要太过于依赖你的奖金。
7) Trust your instincts.
相信你的本能。